USGS (USGS) recently released 2010 annual five subcontractors (ie, funding for the USGS, the financial support of the federal government, a system to handle non-USGS) research projects minerals, including two related to lithium resources. inspiron 9300 battery , Why, in the 20th century, 90 years before being underestimated lithium metal at present be so concerned about this?
He proved that to cope with climate change, global warming a threat to the economic development of low carbon are particularly developed countries, attention has led to hybrid vehicles and Power need to increase dramatically in the present technical conditions, this represents a growth in demand for resources of lithium. The lithium in alternative energy technology has gained increasing importance, lithium batteries have great potential for steady growth. It is expected that by 2012, three years, global demand will increase lithium cell vehicles 5 times. One of Obama’s ambition is that by 2015, putting 1 million plug-in electric vehicles on the road to open.
In recent years, world demand for lithium batteries average annual growth exceeding 20%. The mineral prices have risen sharply lithium, Li’s position as a strategic resource to be shown, and the Government of the United States committed to increasing investment of resources prospecting and development of its lithium. sony vgp-bps13
The world lithium metal exploration and development has great potential
【Current world reserves of lithium ore, production or prices, the data are not detailed, lithium resources, a more detailed assessment is still in the last century, made in the mid 70s. 】
Lithium is the lightest metal in the world, the third element fire. Currently, Chile has dominated the oldest child in the world mineral production site of lithium, the time for Argentina, China, the United States, Australia, Canada, Portugal and Zimbabwe also produce large amounts of lithium concentrates. Due to constraints of information, the current world reserves of lithium ore, production or prices, the data are not exhaustive. Resources lithium in the world in a more detailed assessment was conducted in the mid-1970s when the United States for national defense is also studied.
Some experts believe that the resources of lithium in the world total more than 300 million tonnes the quantity of lithium carbonate equivalent (56.4 million tonnes of lithium metal), reserves of over 100 million tonnes ( 18.8 million tonnes of lithium metal). Currently, the United States identified lithium resources (proven reserves of the resource base) to 76 million tonnes, more than 13 million tons in other countries.
In the 20th century, 90 years ago, the United States was the major lithium producer in the world of state from 1979 the annual production of 2,900 tonnes. Currently, the United States are a wealth of lithium in production,sony vgp-bps9 , but production is not known because of confidentiality. As low-cost lithium carbonate production brine underground world of the main sources of material. Chile 2 brine (salt) leads the global mining production. In Argentina, production of the mine brine lithium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, brine mining of lithium and the other is under construction. Confirmed, Russia in early 20th century, the early 90s to stop the production of lithium.
Lithium resources are very rich in China, most of pegmatite and granite-type lithium type deposits, salt (brine) resources lithium is very fortunate to a broader view of resources, both abroad in the production of sulfate salt of lithium, but also with lithium-magnesium than the low salt type lithium carbonate, such as Tibet Zabuye Salt Lake, Salt Lake being developed. In the medium to long term supply China’s lithium resources to meet domestic demand.
Currently, the lithium in the world use the structure is as follows: 25% for the battery used in ceramics and glass accounted for 18%, 12% for fat used in the pharmaceutical industry and polymer 7% for air conditioning accounts for 6% of primary aluminum production accounted for 4%, 3% expressed refining, chemical processing, 3%, 22% for other purposes. Li-ion battery applications, and more cars, mobile phones, laptops, manufacturers of tools such as heavy duty Milwaukee, Dewalt and Bosch have been introduced in 2006 to replace nickel-cadmium batteries Lithium because the former can represent over 50% of electricity,pa3285u-1bas , longer use time and number of charge cycles. Secondly, is remarkable that the field of lithium alloys in aerospace applications are growing.
Currently, the recycling of lithium (eg, recycling), very little. However, with the increasing demands of the Li-ion battery, the recycling of lithium batteries will also increase.
The strong demand for new markets, could lead to supply lithium
【Lithium is not traded on an exchange, the price rise to more complex, there is no cash price. According to the survey on Madison Avenue Research Group 2009, lithium products in 2008, prices have increased almost 100%. 】
The lithium-ion batteries are seen as the next source of electricity production and increasing importance, hence the importance of lithium ore and surge in demand. The state of world resources of lithium is unclear, therefore, some experts believe a strong demand for new markets, could lead to the supply of lithium.
The world’s largest manufacturer of chemicals, lithium carbonate and the mining company of Chile (SQM) is provided, excluding automotive battery over the next 10 years, demand for the rate of compound annual growth of lithium 3% ~ 5%. Taking account of plug-in hybrid (PHEV), electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid (HEV) of growth in demand in 2020 estimated level, the equivalent annual demand of lithium carbonate 55,000 ~ 6.5 million ton, 2030 135 thousand to 14.5 million tonnes.
According to consulting firm TRU Lithium predicted by the overall economic impact of the overall situation, mobile phones (60% or more using lithium batteries) and notebooks (over 90% of use lithium batteries) needs batteries or difficult to maintain the trend of previous years, 2013 there, the oversupply of lithium. thinkpad x60 battery , However, demand for lithium batteries in the automotive, aircraft manufacturing and industry demand to increase the impact of the lithium alloy, hence, in the long term prospects market remain good. In 2015, due to increased demand, it is estimated there will be a pipeline into service to provide products manufacturing companies. Existing manufacturers, such as brine lithium SQM (market share of 29%), FMC (market share of 17%), Chemetall (market share of 28%) and CITIC (China Citic, the market share of 27% ) expansion and the introduction of production line will pipe the lithium to maintain an adequate supply. In addition, technological advances will make a number of medium-sized Lithium brine resources to become attractive.
Lithium is not traded on an exchange, the price rise to more complex, there is no cash price. Some data indicate that in 2007, lithium carbonate (lithium products, the main form) the price of 5,500 dollars per tonne. According to the survey on Madison Avenue Research Group 2009, lithium products in 2008, in many cases, prices have increased almost 100%. In March 2009, the contract price of lithium carbonate a large 6613 U.S. dollars per ton; permeability lithium feldspar (including 4.2% Li2O), big bags, FOB Durban, 165 ~ U.S. $ 260; spodumene containing more than 7.25% Li2O), West Virginia, FOB, short tons in bulk, 620 ~ $ 680 U.S.; grade spodumene glass containing 5% Li2O, West Virginia, FOB, short tons, bulk, 340 ~ 390 U.S. dollars.
It is important to recognize that the market can easily absorb the price increase in the cost of lithium, which is the sharp rise in the price of lithium little effect on prices of finished products. Currently, the car battery is less than 3% of total costs,fpcbp73ap , fpcbp95 , even if the lithium battery prices have increased prices by 10 times to end effects of lithium batteries is only nominal. Another point must also be acknowledged that at present several major manufacturers of lithium and lithium business represented only a small portion of its total business.
With preparations underway for the development of countries worldwide to increase the resources of lithium
【Formal occasions such as wearing Indian costumes Bolivian President Evo Morales to the Mitsubishi executive said: “No! We will not let history repeat itself since the 15th century, our precious minerals to feed the industrialization of the West, which still leaves the impoverishment of our own country. “】
U. S. Obama administration took office, had apparently taken a more active policies that protect the old environment. In the financial crisis the subject’s own, the economy is in recession, the United States to extend the field of environmental protection and investments related to technology, it is a great visionary initiatives. For example, it has allowed the rapid isolation of the Bush administration used the CIA’s most advanced technology of spying for monitoring the North Pole (considered the most sensitive areas of global change) area of glaciers given Re-Start (the results are archived and publicly USGS website). btp-58a1 , btp-63d1 , Above pairs of resources lithium USGS funding of research projects, but also reflect the actions in this regard.
The end of 2008, the U. S. Argonne National Laboratory, proposed to the government in Chicago, has created a National Senior Transport Battery Pack Manufacturing Alliance (NAATBCM), the objective of promoting the United lithium battery production ion. Union belongs to the nature of public-private partnership to raise $ 2 billion U.S. dollars, or over the United States to establish a manufacturing and prototyping Promotion Center, the results of Alliance members to share. The founding members include 3M, all cellular technologies, EnerSys, MicroSun Technologies, and so on.
In August 2009, President Obama signed a series of 48 projects related financing plans, the assistance system is designed for electrical / electric hybrid vehicle to develop more efficient battery and electric drive system, the amount Total grants of up to 24 100 million U.S. dollars, the project will greatly stimulate the introduction of economic development in the Midwest. Obama said the U.S. needs is “Cars, future-oriented and used to drive this car technology.” Although this package of assistance programs, aimed primarily automotive batteries and electric propulsion systems, makes the field of battery technology for consumers also benefit. Because almost all consumer electronics such as mobile phones, laptops and therefore a great need for a strong government, environmental protection and efficient battery powered.
May 2008, formal occasions such as wearing Indian costumes Bolivian President Evo Morales to the Mitsubishi executive said: “No! We will not let history repeat itself since the 15th century, our precious minerals to feed the Western industrialization, but allowing the impoverishment of our own country. “It turned out that the Japanese businessmen want to get rich in mineral rights lithium Uyuni Salt Lake. According to reports, an area of 1.2 million square kilometers, 3700 meters above sea level salt Lithium has been Uyuni proven reserves of 5.5 million tonnes. Bolivian Ministry of Mines at the end of 2009, told Chinese reporters in an interview that the glass has been signed with South Korea and Brazil , lithium ore mining project in cooperation MOU. Japan, France, Russia and Venezuela, other countries have expressed interest in becoming partners in the future, powerbook g4 15 inch battery , Chinese companies choose to partner resources development Bolivia’s lithium.
Earlier this year, the U.S. lithium-Nevada Mining Corporation has been awarded five exploration projects. The Canadian giant Magna International auto parts companies purchased a small stock of lithium mine. The expectations of both companies to develop lithium mineral resources Western Australia.
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